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MySQL and NetBeans Practice:

Database Manipulation Language (DML) 1

 

 

 

Contents:

MySQL SELECT PRACTICE

Some Review Questions

 

1.  What are the two major components of SQL and what function do they serve?

2.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of SQL?

3.  Explain the function of each of the clauses in the SELECT statement. What restrictions are imposed on these clauses?

4.  What restrictions apply to the use of the aggregate functions within the SELECT statement? How do nulls affect the aggregate functions?

5.  Explain how the GROUP BY clause works. What is the difference between the WHERE and HAVING clauses?

6.  What is the difference between a subquery and a join? Under what circumstances would you not be able to use a subquery?

 

SQL Queries Exercise Using NetBeans 6.x.x – Create and Insert

Executing SQL Queries Exercises

 

1.  List full details of all hotels.

2.  List full details of all hotels in London.

3.  List the names and addresses of all guests in London, alphabetically ordered by name.

4.  List all double or family rooms with a price below £40.00 per night, in ascending order of price.

5.  List the bookings for which no date_to has been specified.

 

Aggregate Functions

 

How many hotels are there?

What is the average price of a room?

What is the total revenue per night from all double rooms?

How many different guests have made bookings for August?

 

Subqueries and Joins

 

1.  List the price and type of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel.

2.  List all guests currently staying at the Grosvenor Hotel.

3.  List the details of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel, including the name of the guest staying in the room, if the room is occupied.

4.  What is the total income from bookings for the Grosvenor Hotel today?

5.  List the rooms that are currently unoccupied at the Grosvenor Hotel.

6.  What is the lost income from unoccupied rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel?

 

Grouping

 

1.  List the number of rooms in each hotel.

2.  List the number of rooms in each hotel in London.

3.  What is the average number of bookings for each hotel in April?

4.  What is the most commonly booked room type for each hotel in London?

5.  What is the lost income from unoccupied rooms at each hotel today?

 

Creating and Populating Tables With Data

 

1.  Using the CREATE TABLE statement, create the Hotel, Room, Booking and Guest tables.

2.  Insert records into each of these tables.

3.  Update the price of all rooms by 5%.

4.  Create a separate table with the same structure as the Booking table to hold archive records. Using the INSERT statement, copy the records from the Booking table to the archive table relating to bookings before 1st January 2008. Delete all bookings before 1st January 2008 from the Booking table.

In this exercise we will be introduced to some theory on SQL and then proceed to creating database, tables and inserting sample data. Then we will start executing the SQL queries against the database that we have created, exploring the SQL DML language. The pre requirements for this tutorial are MySQL 5.x.x and NetBeans 6.x.x (or other SQL editor such as MySQL Query Browser etc.)

 

MySQL SELECT PRACTICE

 

Note: MySQL is not a case sensitive. If you want to retain the case, use double quotes ("") for the string identifier. You will find that your uppercase in MySQL script will be converted to a lowercase when executed.

 

Some Review Questions

 

1.     What are the two major components of SQL and what function do they serve?

 

A data definition language (DDL) for defining the database structure. A data manipulation language (DML) for retrieving and updating data.

 

2.     What are the advantages and disadvantages of SQL?

 

Advantages:

  1. Satisfies ideals for database language

  2. (Relatively) Easy to learn

  3. Portability

  4. SQL standard exists

  5. Both interactive and embedded access

  6. Can be used by specialist and non-specialist.

Disadvantages:

  1. Impedance mismatch - mixing programming paradigms with embedded access

  2. Lack of orthogonality - many different ways to express some queries

  3. Language is becoming enormous (SQL-92 is 6 times larger than predecessor)

  4. Handling of nulls in aggregate functions

  5. Result tables are not strictly relational - can contain duplicate tuples, imposes an ordering on both columns and rows.

 

3.     Explain the function of each of the clauses in the SELECT statement. What restrictions are imposed on these clauses?

If the SELECT list includes an aggregate function and no GROUP BY clause is being used to group data together, then no item in the SELECT list can include any reference to a column unless that column is the argument to an aggregate function.

When GROUP BY is used, each item in the SELECT list must be single-valued per group.

Further, the SELECT clause may only contain:

All column names in the SELECT list must appear in the GROUP BY clause unless the name is used only in an aggregate function.

 

4.     What restrictions apply to the use of the aggregate functions within the SELECT statement? How do nulls affect the aggregate functions?

 

An aggregate function can be used only in the SELECT list and in the HAVING clause. Apart from COUNT(*), each function eliminates nulls first and operates only on the remaining non-null values. COUNT(*) counts all the rows of a table, regardless of whether nulls or duplicate values occur.

 

5.     Explain how the GROUP BY clause works. What is the difference between the WHERE and HAVING clauses?

 

SQL first applies the WHERE clause. Then it conceptually arranges the table based on the grouping column(s). Next, applies the HAVING clause and finally orders the result according to the ORDER BY clause. WHERE filters rows subject to some condition; HAVING filters groups subject to some condition.

 

6.     What is the difference between a subquery and a join? Under what circumstances would you not be able to use a subquery?

 

With a subquery, the columns specified in the SELECT list are restricted to one table. Thus, cannot use a subquery if the SELECT list contains columns from more than one table.

 

SQL Queries Exercise Using NetBeans 6.x.x

 

The following tables form part of a database held in a relational DBMS:

 

 

Let create a database and tables. Then populate those tables with some sample data. Firstly, we use MySQL Command Line Client.

 

1.     Create a database namedhotel_db. Then switch to NetBeans.

 

CREATE DATABASE hotel_db;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

2.     If you want to see the database files, it is under the data folder of MySQL path.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

3.     You can continue using the MySQL Command Line Client Tool for the following database manipulation exercise, however we we will use NetBeans. Launch NetBeans and connect to the just created database as shown in the following Figures. Select Database > expand Driver > select MySQL (Connector / J driver) > right click mouse > select Connect Using.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

4.     Fill in the root’s password and click OK.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

5.     The following Figure shows that the connection was established.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

6.     The following Figure shows that the connection to the hotel_db database has been established.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

7.     Let execute SQL queries. Select the hotel_db connection > right click mouse > select Execute Command. This will launch query editor on the right window.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

8.     Next, create tables and populate them with sample data. Copy and paste the following SQL script into the query editor and click the Run button ( ).

 

-- Script for MySQL 5.x.x exercises

-- Revised 3/24/2008 by yummy

 

-- create a table named hotel

create table hotel(

hotelno varchar(10),

hotelname varchar(20),

city varchar(20),

primary key (hotelno)

)type=innodb;

 

-- insert some sample data

insert into hotel values('fb01', 'Grosvenor', 'London');

insert into hotel values('fb02', 'Watergate', 'Paris');

insert into hotel values('ch01', 'Omni Shoreham', 'London');

insert into hotel values('ch02', 'Phoenix Park', 'London');

insert into hotel values('dc01', 'Latham', 'Berlin');

 

 

 

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

9.     If there is no error, view the data. Select hotel table > right click mouse > Select View Data.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

10.The hotel table and its data shown in the following Figure.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

11.Next, create more tables and populate sample data. Follow the same steps as previously done.

 

create table room(

roomno numeric(5),

hotelno varchar(10),

type varchar(10),

price decimal(5,2),

primary key (roomno, hotelno),

foreign key (hotelno) REFERENCES hotel(hotelno)

)type=innodb;

 

insert into room values(501, 'fb01', 'single', 19);

insert into room values(601, 'fb01', 'double', 29);

insert into room values(701, 'fb01', 'family', 39);

insert into room values(1001, 'fb02', 'single', 58);

insert into room values(1101, 'fb02', 'double', 86);

insert into room values(1001, 'ch01', 'single', 29.99);

insert into room values(1101, 'ch01', 'family', 59.99);

insert into room values(701, 'ch02', 'single', 10);

insert into room values(801, 'ch02', 'double', 15);

insert into room values(901, 'dc01', 'single', 18);

insert into room values(1001, 'dc01', 'double', 30);

insert into room values(1101, 'dc01', 'family', 35);

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

12.Then verify the process.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

create table guest(

guestno numeric(5),

guestname varchar(20),

guestaddress varchar(50),

primary key (guestno)

)type=innodb;

 

insert into guest values(10001, 'John Kay', '56 High St, London');

insert into guest values(10002, 'Mike Ritchie', '18 Tain St, London');

insert into guest values(10003, 'Mary Tregear', '5 Tarbot Rd, Aberdeen');

insert into guest values(10004, 'Joe Keogh', '2 Fergus Dr, Aberdeen');

insert into guest values(10005, 'Carol Farrel', '6 Achray St, Glasgow');

insert into guest values(10006, 'Tina Murphy', '63 Well St, Glasgow');

insert into guest values(10007, 'Tony Shaw', '12 Park Pl, Glasgow');

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

create table booking(

hotelno varchar(10),

guestno numeric(5),

datefrom date,

dateto date,

roomno numeric(5),

primary key (hotelno, guestno, datefrom),

foreign key (roomno, hotelno) REFERENCES room(roomno, hotelno),

foreign key (guestno) REFERENCES guest(guestno)

)type=innodb;

 

insert into booking values('fb01', 10001, '04-04-01', '04-04-08', 501);

insert into booking values('fb01', 10004, '04-04-15', '04-05-15', 601);

insert into booking values('fb01', 10005, '04-05-02', '04-05-07', 501);

insert into booking values('fb01', 10002, '16-05-04', '04-05-29', 601);

insert into booking values('fb01', 10001, '04-05-01', null, 701);

insert into booking values('fb02', 10003, '04-04-05', '10-04-04', 1001);

insert into booking values('fb02', 10005, '04-05-12', '30-05-04', 1101);

insert into booking values('ch01', 10006, '04-04-21', null, 1101);

insert into booking values('ch02', 10002, '04-04-25', '04-05-06', 801);

insert into booking values('dc01', 10007, '04-05-13', '04-05-15', 1001);

insert into booking values('dc01', 10003, '04-05-20', null, 1001);

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

Executing SQL Queries Exercises

 

Next, let execute SQL queries.

 

1.     List full details of all hotels.

 

SELECT * FROM hotel;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

2.     List full details of all hotels in London.

 

SELECT * FROM hotel WHERE city LIKE '%London%';

 

Strictly speaking, this would also find rows with an address like: '10 London Avenue, New York'.

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

3.     List the names and addresses of all guests in London, alphabetically ordered by name.

 

SELECT guestname, guestaddress

 FROM guest

 WHERE guestaddress LIKE '%London%'

ORDER BY guestname;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

4.     List all double or family rooms with a price below £40.00 per night, in ascending order of price.

 

SELECT * FROM room

 WHERE price < 40 AND type IN ('Double', 'Family')

 ORDER BY price;

 

(Note, ASC is the default setting).

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

5.     List the bookings for which no date_to has been specified.

 

SELECT * FROM booking WHERE dateto IS NULL;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

Aggregate Functions

 

1.     How many hotels are there?

 

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM hotel;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

2.     What is the average price of a room?

 

SELECT AVG(price) FROM room;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

3.     What is the total revenue per night from all double rooms?

 

SELECT SUM(price) FROM room WHERE type = 'Double';

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

4.     How many different guests have made bookings for August?

 

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT guestno)

 FROM booking

 WHERE (datefrom >= '2004-08-01' AND datefrom <= '2004-08-31');

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

What about for May?

 

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT guestno)

 FROM booking

 WHERE (datefrom >= '2004-05-01' AND datefrom <= '2004-05-31');

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

Subqueries and Joins

 

1.     List the price and type of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel.

 

SELECT price, type

 FROM room

 WHERE hotelno = (SELECT hotelno FROM hotel

WHERE hotelname = 'Grosvenor');

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

2.     List all guests currently staying at the Grosvenor Hotel.

 

SELECT * FROM guest

WHERE guestno =

(SELECT guestno FROM booking

WHERE datefrom <= CURRENT_DATE AND dateto >= CURRENT_DATE AND

hotelno = (SELECT hotelno FROM hotel

WHERE hotelname = 'Grosvenor'));

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

3.     List the details of all rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel, including the name of the guest staying in the room, if the room is occupied.

 

SELECT r.* FROM room r LEFT JOIN

(SELECT g.guestname, h.hotelno, b.roomno FROM Guest g, Booking b, Hotel h

WHERE g.guestno = b.guestno AND b.hotelno = h.hotelno AND

h.hotelname= 'Grosvenor' AND

b.datefrom <= CURRENT_DATE AND b.dateto >= CURRENT_DATE) AS XXX

ON r.hotelno = XXX.hotelno AND r.roomno = XXX.roomno;

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

4.     What is the total income from bookings for the Grosvenor Hotel today?

 

SELECT SUM(price) FROM booking b, room r, hotel h

WHERE (b.datefrom <= CURRENT_DATE AND

b.dateto >= CURRENT_DATE) AND

r.hotelno = h.hotelno AND r.roomno = b.roomno;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

5.     List the rooms that are currently unoccupied at the Grosvenor Hotel.

 

SELECT * FROM room r

WHERE roomno NOT IN

(SELECT roomno FROM booking b, hotel h

WHERE (datefrom <= CURRENT_DATE AND

dateto >= CURRENT_DATE) AND

b.hotelno = h.hotelno AND hotelname = 'Grosvenor');

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

6.     What is the lost income from unoccupied rooms at the Grosvenor Hotel?

 

SELECT SUM(price) FROM room r

WHERE roomno NOT IN

(SELECT roomno FROM booking b, hotel h

WHERE (datefrom <= CURRENT_DATE AND

dateto >= CURRENT_DATE) AND

b.hotelno = h.hotelno AND hotelname = 'Grosvenor');

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

Grouping

 

1.     List the number of rooms in each hotel.

 

SELECT hotelno, COUNT(roomno) AS count FROM room

GROUP BY hotelno;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

2.     List the number of rooms in each hotel in London.

 

SELECT hotel.hotelno, COUNT(roomno)

 AS count FROM hotel, room

WHERE room.hotelno = hotel.hotelno

 AND city LIKE '%London%'

GROUP BY hotelno;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

3.     What is the average number of bookings for each hotel in April?

 

SELECT AVG(X) AS AveNumBook FROM

 (SELECT hotelno, COUNT(hotelno) AS X

FROM booking b

 WHERE (b.datefrom >= DATE'2004-04-01' AND b.datefrom <= DATE'2004-04-31')

GROUP BY hotelno) AS AnotherThing;

 

/*SELECT AVG(sum_column1) AS AvgSumCol1

       FROM (SELECT SUM(column1) AS sum_column1

             FROM t1 GROUP BY column1) AS t1;*/

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

Syntax: SELECT ... FROM (subquery) [AS] name ...

 

The [AS] name clause is mandatory, because every table in a FROM clause must have a name.

 

4.     What is the most commonly booked room type for each hotel in London?

 

SELECT MAX(X) AS MostlyBook

FROM (SELECT type, COUNT(type) AS X

FROM booking b, hotel h, room r

WHERE r.roomno = b.roomno AND b.hotelno = h.hotelno AND

h.city LIKE '%London%'

GROUP BY type) AS Dummy;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

Syntax: SELECT ... FROM (subquery) [AS] name ...

 

The [AS] name clause is mandatory, because every table in a FROM clause must have a name.

 

5.     What is the lost income from unoccupied rooms at each hotel today?

 

SELECT hotelno, SUM(price) FROM room r

WHERE roomno NOT IN

(SELECT roomno FROM booking b, hotel h

WHERE (datefrom <= CURRENT_DATE AND

dateto >= CURRENT_DATE) AND

b.hotelno = h.hotelno)

GROUP BY hotelno;

 

MySQL database data manipulation language (DML) practice - SQL queries and the related

 

Creating and Populating Tables

 

1.     Using the CREATE TABLE statement, create the Hotel, Room, Booking and Guest tables.

 

CREATE TABLE hotel(

hotelno CHAR(4) NOT NULL,

hotelname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,

city VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL

);

 

CREATE TABLE room(

roomno VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL,

hotelno CHAR(4) NOT NULL,

type CHAR(1) NOT NULL,

price DECIMAL(5,2) NOT NULL

);

 

CREATE TABLE booking(

hotelno CHAR(4) NOT NULL,

guestno CHAR(4) NOT NULL,

datefrom DATETIME NOT NULL,

dateto DATETIME NULL,

roomno CHAR(4) NOT NULL

);

 

CREATE TABLE guest(

guestno CHAR(4) NOT NULL,

guestname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,

guestaddress VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL

);

 

2.     Insert records into each of these tables.

 

INSERT INTO hotel VALUES ('H111', 'Grosvenor', 'London');

INSERT INTO room VALUES ('1', 'H111', 'Single', 72.00);

INSERT INTO guest VALUES ('G111', 'John Smith', 'London');

INSERT INTO booking VALUES ('H111', 'G111', '2008-01-01', '2008-01-02', '1');

 

3.     Update the price of all rooms by 5%.

 

UPDATE room SET price = price*1.05;

 

Note: 5/100 = 0.05 + 1 (original price) = 1.05

            Can also be:

 

UPDATE room SET price = price + price*0.05;

 

4.     Create a separate table with the same structure as the Booking table to hold archive records. Using the INSERT statement, copy the records from the Booking table to the archive table relating to bookings before 1st January 2008. Delete all bookings before 1st January 2008 from the Booking table.

 

CREATE TABLE booking_old(

hotel_no CHAR(4) NOT NULL,

guest_no CHAR(4) NOT NULL,

date_from DATETIME NOT NULL,

date_to DATETIME NULL,

room_no VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL

);

 

INSERT INTO booking_old(

SELECT * FROM booking

WHERE date_to < DATE'2008-01-01');

DELETE FROM booking

WHERE date_to < DATE'2008-01-01';

 

More practice on SQL queries using MySQL and NetBeans in next tutorial.

 

 

 

 


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